Between the mountains of the Peninsular Ranges are various valley regions that are rich in agriculture. 
The highest point of these ranges and of Baja California is Picacho del Diablo at 10,157 feet (3,096 m).
The largest of these ranges are the Sierra de Juarez and the Sierra de San Pedro Martir. The state also has diverse topography but it is divided in the middle by the Sierra de Baja California, the Peninsular Ranges.
As a peninsula, Baja California is surrounded by water on three sides with borders on the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California. They are Ensenada, Mexicali, Tecate, Tijuana, and Playas de Rosarito. Baja California is divided into five municipalities. Indigenous peoples and East Asians also make up a large percentage of the state's population. The dominant ethnic groups in the state are white/European and Mestizo, or mixed Indigenous and European. However, in 1952, the northern region (everything above the 28th parallel) became the 29th state of Mexico, while southern areas remained as a territory. In 1930, the Baja California peninsula was divided into northern and southern territories. Control of Baja California shifted between various groups in its early history, and it was not admitted into Mexico as a state until 1952. Europeans did not reach the area until 1539. It is believed that people first settled on the Baja Peninsula around 1,000 years ago and that the region was dominated by a few Indigenous groups.
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